Hydraulic Disc Brakes

Hydraulic disc brake uses brake fluid ( Ethylene Glycol HO–CH2CH2–OH) to transfer pressure from controlling mechanism to braking mechanism. It was first used in 1914 for racing cars.It is based on the principle of Pascal Law which states that "The pressure exerted anywhere in a mass of confined liquid is transmitted undiminished in all direction throughout the liquid".
It consists of pipeline containing fluid. One end of which is connected to the master cylinder fitted with a piston attached to the brake foot pedal and other end of the pipeline is connected to the wheel cylinder having two pistons attached to the brake shoes.Area of the cross section of the wheel cylinder is greater than the area of the cross section of master cylinder.

Why we need disc brakes?

Though both systems use hydraulic brakes but in drum brakes, braking system started to fade because of servo effect, this problem has been greatly reduced in disc brake.Moreover, their are other problems within the assembly line which cause braking strength weak.

How it works?

It works on the very simple principle, when force applied at one point, it is transmitted to another point using an in-compressible fluid.When the brakes are applied the foot pedal is pushed due to which pressure is exerted on the fluid in the master cylinder.This pressure is transmitted equally and undiminished throughout the fluid and to the pistons of the wheel cylinder, therefore pistons of the engine pushed outwards and the brake shoe get pressed against the rim of the wheel due to which motion retards and vehicle starts to slow down.

Related Projects:
Design of Mountain Bike Hydraulic Disc Brake System (HDBS) Uncertainty Analysis
Optimization of Mountain Bike Hydraulic Disc Brake System

Related Posts:

Hydraulic Projects
Automobile Engineering Projects

Candle Light Powered Fan

Candle light fan use technology which converts heat directly into electricity using a effect called Seebeck. The only problem with these fans is their efficiency which is lesser than 10 %. To use this technology we need thermoelectric materials such as Bismuth Telluride(Bi₂Te₃) or Lead Telluride (PbTe).

Is their any difference ?

Yes, it is very different technology and unlike Dynamo (First Electric Generator, it is most commonly used for bicycle headlight),their is no moving part involved in electricity generation with thermoelectric materials.

What is the use of this project?

It helps you to understand basic concept of thermoelectricity which is used in spacecraft as Radioisotope to convert the heat released by the decay of a suitable radioactive material into electricity and in automobiles where it helps to reuse waste heat from Internal Combustion Engine.

How to Build this?

You can find complete instructions about this fan here.

Physics Projects

Physics is everywhere, from walk to talk , from electronics to robotics and from computer science to aeronautics.From ancient times people use physics in construction, wars, travelling and in many more things.In this post we will discuss some of the projects related to this extraordinary field.

Pedal Powered Water filter: Filter water without using home electricity and filters.

Solar Powered Bicycle: Run your bicycle on solar power

Wind mill water pump: They are not new for us but still it would be interesting for us to build one on our own.

Mini Scooter

Color and Light

College Prep physics on light and color

Human Eye concept based on Color and light :

How Vision Works?
Physics and Human Eyes
Your sense of Sight

Related Project
Bending of Light 

Build Your Own Maglev

Maglev (MAG: is used for magnetic, LEV: is used for Levitation) is a train which use power of magnets instead of fuel with its highest recorded speed is 581 km/hr.
Complete Details about Maglev Project
Compare Strength of Wood using three different Paint's.

Is there any relation between paint and strength? Can we increase the strength of our furniture’s just by painting it? This project would help you finding that out.

Marion Smith :The Effect of Paints on the Strength of Wood







Try to build your own Roller Coaster

Model roller coaster for physics project
Pdf files related to roller Coaster Project :
Mathematica of Roller Coaster
Ppt of roller Coaster from Virginia University in Pdf format

Other related :
What wiki says about Roller Coaster
Incredible Web Roller Coaster
Videos of Roller Coaster

Build your Telescope

How to build telescope

simple Galilean telescope

Simple Galilean Telescope 

simple Galilean telescope

simple Galilean telescope

Engines:

Fabrication of cam-less engine:A camless is a kind of free valve engine uses electromagnetic, hydraulic, or pneumatic actuators to open the poppet valves instead. Actuators can be used to both open and close the valves, or an actuator opens the valve while a spring closes it.

Trebuchet or Catapult: 

What is Trebuchet?
In most simple words, we can say that trebuchet is a machine build to throw object to a distance.In our post Catapult Project we saw how we can build one for us.

Concept:
It is based on simple concept of storing potential energy and when requires convert it into kinetic energy.So, to build good trebuchet we need to store as much energy and use it with bare minimum loses.

How Trebuchet works?

Pelton Wheel:

The Pelton wheel is an impulse turbine which is among the most efficient types of water turbines.The Pelton wheel extracts energy from the impulse (momentum) of moving water, as opposed to its weight like traditional overshot water wheel.Older turbines used water power inefficiently.The shape of Pelton turbine made it more efficient.

Useful links :
Calculations for my Pelton wheel turbine
Pelton Turbine Manual (1.6 MB)




Other Good Websites :

Research Projects in Physics 
Fun Physics / Astronomy Projects
Ocean Physics Laboratory 
Windmill Power Generation system
Internal Combustion engine

Bicycle :
Solar Powered bicycle
Steam Engine Powered Bicycle

Related :
Physics FAQ
Solar Energy Projects
Pedal powered Washing Machine
HydroPower Plants
Magnetic Levitation Train
Solidification into crystalline and amorphous states

Solar Powered Bag

From last few years phones are getting smart, Laptops are becoming Tablets and CD Players are becoming iPods. All these changes make us more dependent on electronic devices than ever. Though these devices keep us connected, but when battery runs out they become liability. That makes battery charging one of the most important needs of today’s world.
In my post mobile charger using bicycle, I discussed how we can charge our battery while riding on a bike. Today we will discuss about Solar powered Bag which is not only useful and handy but uses green technology too. Solar bag consists of skinny film solar cells and batteries. It contains a flexible mono crystalline solar panel, battery, charge controller, plugs, cords and light bulbs. It provides users with power up to 120 watt-hours/day, capable of powering electronic equipment's rated up to 300 W.

What is Monocrystalline solar Panel?
Monocrystalline silicon is the base material of the electronic industry. It consists of silicon in which the crystal lattice of the entire solid is continuous, unbroken (with no grain boundaries) to its edges. It can be prepared intrinsic, i.e. made of exceedingly pure silicon alone, or doped, containing very small quantities of other elements added to change in a controlled manner its semiconducting properties.

How it works?

The solar panels convert sunlight into electricity, which is stored in the batteries and can be used to power portable electronic appliances like mobile phones and mp3 players.

Advantages:

• Solar backpacks are light-weight, hence making it easier to carry. 
• Flexible solar panels also are light and portable, as well as waterproof. 
• Backpack allows patients to carry medical devices with them.